I looked it up ligers can rarely reproduce and only the females ,the males are always sterol.
I looked it up ligers can rarely reproduce and only the females ,the males are always sterol.
The fox is in the canine family and can not mate with wolves ,dogs ,or coyotes.gestation cycle is dif.and I looked up more on the wolf dog cross a lot are not able to reproduce ,I think it depends on who does the research .
Wolves, Wolf-Dogs & Phenotypes
Wolf, Siberian Husky, & Alaskan Malamute
-- Three separate animals
Malamutes, Siberians, Wolves, & Wolf-Dogs
This page was written with help from employees and researchers at Wolf Park and Bays Mountain Park and members of many lists, including WolfDogList, Malamute-L, Sibernet-L, and Sleddog-L. All mistakes are mine.
Purebred Alaskan Malamutes and Siberian Huskies are not wolves, or part-wolves, were not bred from wolves, and these breeds were not developed by breeding to wolves anytime recently (that is a separate animal called a wolf-dog). Based on studies by Dr. Robert Wayne at UC Berkeley, sled dogs are no more closely related to wolves than Chihuahuas. There is very little genetic difference between any dog and any wolf, coyote, or jackal, etc., so little, in fact, that genetic tests cannot tell how much wolf is in deliberately bred wolf-dogs. The domesticated canines and their wild cousins CAN interbreed. However, pedigrees on Malamutes and Siberians are available back ~20 generations (to the early 1930s at least) and these dogs are not wolf crosses -- Malamutes are Malamutes, Siberians are Siberians.
But they look like Wolves, or Phenotype
The definition of Phenotype is "the genetically and environmentally determined physical appearance of an organism." In other words, (the parents and) the conditions create the appearance.
Back when I had a lot of older books on our breed of dogs. After reading a lot of these books. I do not think they came from wolves. I am not totally sold on our breed being a bulldog x terrier cross either. I feel like our breed of dogs are a ancient breed of dog probably as old as the Blood hound/Greyhound/ and Mastiff/etc.
In Roman times and on into the 16th century they were called a Ban dog or dogge. There are pictures of these dogs used along with hunting packs of hounds. They look like our dogs of today and also the hounds as well. If you breed this breed of dogs we have up in a large catch weight dog size. They get more say Italian Mastiff looking. In the smaller sizes take on a more bull terrier look, which is more preferred for the ancient sport of dog fighting and ratting/badger events.
Years back Ralph Greenwood introduced the breeder and pictures of the American Bulldog. The original breeder of these dogs claimed they were the actual true English Bulldog from Ole England/France/Spain. Were brought over from England by his ancestors into Georgia for work, varmint, and personal protection dogs. His original dogs looked much better than most of them today. Since show dog people types have took control of most of the future breeding stock.
From some of the older books I have read. Many old time breeders believed Black was not a Bull Dog color. Believe it was Howard Heinzl that made that statement in a article he had wrote. I called the original breeder of those American Bulldogs and asked him if he ever got a solid black dog. He told me at that time he had never had a solid black dog or bitch in any of his litters. Came mostly in colors of white/mixed colors like our Colby dogs etc. or Brindle colors.
One way to find out today about the ole Bulldog x Terrier cross. Is to breed say a Black and Tan terrier or one of the best of the Terrier male groups of Terriers to a bitch American Bulldog. See what type looking dog shows up. The American Bulldog bred to a A.P.B.T. to date has only produced a neat looking Bully Bulldog type dog for a pet. Like the old Country bulldogs we had in the south on local farms. Crosses of Pit Bulls with English Bulldog or Boxer Bulls.
Just some thoughts to ponder IMHO. Then again maybe all dogs came from African wild dogs. Some of those brindle long eared Lightner dogs favored them. LOL
Originally Posted by waccamaw
That is a good point. Foxes, Coyotes, Jackals, Lycaons, Dingos, etc. are all naturally-occurring canines that are not wolves. True, some (such as dingos and coyotes) are thought to have evolved from wolves, but even the modern wolf isn't the same as the prehistoric dire wolf, etc.
Yet others, like the fox and lycaon, are simply different ... and, taxonomically, they are listed in a lineage distinct from wolves, domestic dogs, and coyotes.
Conceptually, even without the taxonomic verification above, I personally would find it hard to believe that all dogs trace back to one species, same as I would find it hard to believe that all birds (insects, reptiles, etc.) trace back to one species as well. This world and its life forms are too big for that.
Regarding the subject of domestication, people all over the world have been trying to domesticate whatever wild animals (dog, birds, goats, etc.) exist in whatever various geographic locales they live in.
Jack
Coyotes and jackals are a different species all together. For your reading pleasure.
http://www.nationalpost.com/m/wp/new...skull-suggests
Since you bring up coyote lets not forget the red wolf. The red wolf is indigenes to south eastern US. Some say the red wolf is the only wolf species that evolved in north America while others say it is nothing more than a wolf-coyote hybrid. Looking at some pics, to me it looks like a wolf-coyote hybrid.
In the story of how the*dog*came in from the cold and onto our sofas, we tend to give ourselves a little too much credit. The most common assumption is that some hunter-gatherer with a soft spot for cuteness found some wolf puppies and adopted them. Over time, these tamed*wolves*would have shown their prowess at hunting, so humans kept them around the campfire until they evolved into dogs. (See "How to Build a Dog.")But when we look back at our relationship with wolves throughout history, this doesn't really make sense. For one thing, the wolf was domesticated at a time when modern humans were not very tolerant of carnivorous competitors. In fact, after modern humans arrived in Europe around 43,000 years ago, they pretty much wiped out every large carnivore that existed, including*saber-toothed cats*and*giant hyenas. The fossil record doesn't reveal whether these large carnivores starved to death because modern humans took most of the meat or whether humans picked them off on purpose. Either way,*most of the Ice Age bestiary went extinct.The hunting hypothesis, that humans used wolves to hunt, doesn't hold up either. Humans were already successful hunters without wolves, more successful than every other large carnivore. Wolves eat a lot of meat, as much as one deer per ten wolves every day—a lot for humans to feed or compete against. And anyone who has seen wolves in a feeding frenzy knows that wolves don't like to share.Humans have a long history of eradicating wolves, rather than trying to adopt them. Over the last few centuries, almost every culture has hunted wolves to extinction. The first written record of the wolf's persecution was in the sixth century B.C. whenSolon of Athens*offered a bounty for every wolf killed. The last wolf was killed in England in the 16th century under the order of*Henry VII. In Scotland, the forested landscape made wolves more difficult to kill. In response, the Scots burned the forests. North American wolves were not much better off. By 1930, there was not a wolf left in the 48 contiguous states of America. *(See "Wolf Wars.")If this is a snapshot of our behavior toward wolves over the centuries, it presents one of the most perplexing problems: How was this misunderstood creature tolerated by humans long enough to evolve into the domestic dog?The short version is that we often think of evolution as being the survival of the fittest, where the strong and the dominant survive and the soft and weak perish. But essentially, far from the survival of the leanest and meanest, the success of dogs comes down to survival of the friendliest. (See "People and Dogs: A Genetic Love Story.")Most likely, it was wolves that approached us, not the other way around, probably while they were scavenging around garbage dumps on the edge of human settlements. The wolves that were bold but aggressive would have been killed by humans, and so only the ones that were bold and friendly would have been tolerated.Friendliness caused strange things to happen in the wolves. They started to look different. Domestication gave them splotchy coats, floppy ears, wagging tails. In only several generations, these friendly wolves would have become very distinctive from their more aggressive relatives. But the changes did not just affect their looks. Changes also happened to their psychology. These protodogs evolved the ability to read human gestures.As dog owners, we take for granted that we can point to a ball or toy and our dog will bound off to get it. But the ability of dogs to read human gestures is remarkable. Even our closest relatives—chimpanzees and bonobos—can't read our gestures as readily as dogs can. Dogs are remarkably similar to human infants in the way they pay attention to us. This ability accounts for the extraordinary communication we have with our dogs. Some dogs are so attuned to their owners that they can read a gesture as subtle as a change in eye direction.With this new ability, these protodogs were worth knowing. People who had dogs during a hunt would likely have had an advantage over those who didn't. Even today, tribes in Nicaragua depend on dogs to detect prey. Moose hunters in alpine regions bring home 56 percent more prey when they are accompanied by dogs. In the Congo, hunters believe they would starve without their dogs.Dogs would also have served as a warning system, barking at hostile strangers from neighboring tribes. They could have defended their humans from predators.And finally, though this is not a pleasant thought, when times were tough, dogs could have served as an emergency food supply. Thousands of years before refrigeration and with no crops to store, hunter-gatherers had no food reserves until the domestication of dogs. In tough times, dogs that were the least efficient hunters might have been sacrificed to save the group or the best hunting dogs. Once humans realized the usefulness of keeping dogs as an emergency food supply, it was not a huge jump to realize plants could be used in a similar way.So, far from a benign human adopting a wolf puppy, it is more likely that a population of wolves adopted us. As the advantages of dog ownership became clear, we were as strongly affected by our relationship with them as they have been by their relationship with us. Dogs may even have been the catalyst for our civilization.
Punctuation & paragraphs please ...
BTW, I am about to pick some of these theoretical musings apart ...
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